from the hip

New York Times just reported the oil prices has dropped to under 50 dollars a barrel for the first time in 22 months. NYT writes:

The drop in prices comes as stock and bond markets fell because of fears about the health of the financial system, and a flurry of new indicators showed how badly the economy was faring.

Just as a booming global economy had steadily driven up commodity prices for six years, the current meltdown means the world needs less oil, and is sharply driving down prices.

It is a stunning — and sudden — reversal that has taken aback many experts. Oil futures on the New York Mercantile Exchange fell $3.04 to $50.58 a barrel in morning trading. At one point, crude oil was down $3.71, to $49.91 a barrel. Oil futures have lost more than two-thirds of their value after settling at a peak of about $145 a barrel in July.

Some analysts predict oil could fall to $30 to 40 a barrel as the world economy worsens.

Also, the dollar is for the moment strengthening in international markets.
Another sign of the strength of the oncoming depression?

See also: Times: Shares fall as US jobless adds another 542,000

American newspapers, most notably New York Times, have now started to wonder why American consumers aren’t spending. And in the financial sector, stock brokers and real estate agents seem to expect that it will happen next week or so, judging from the advise they are giving. That really doesn’t seem very likely at this point.

Why do American consumers spend less?

Well. The financial system in the US is still not completely shored up. AIG just reported a loss of 25 billion dollars for the third quarter and will be receiving a 150 billion aid package. Fannie Mae lost 29 billion dollars. Circuit City is going down. Airlines are in trouble. GM and the whole American car industry is in deep trouble.

As for the overseas markets, most indicators are down there as well. Every time the numbers are revised, they get worse. Right now, according to Wall Street Journal, they indicate a deep recession in Europe as well. IMF (see figure) now assumes that 2009 will be worse than 2008 for the world as a whole.  For 2009   IMF predicts a decline in GDP in the advanced economies of 0.3 percent. If this happens, it will be the first time during the periode following the Second World War.  For the US IMF predicts a decline of  0.8 percent, and for the Euro-area 0.7 percent for 2009. So there will be little pull from overseas markets for American businesses.

Now, add to this that the banking system isn’t working, loans are hard to get, unemployment is on the rise and millions of jobs are threatened.  Consumer confidence is at the lowest ever.

Also, factor in a negative wealth effect. The positive wealth effects, the effect of people getting richer on paper when housing prices were rising, were key to the growth the last 5-7 years. Now this operates exactly in the opposite direction, and serves to limit peoples spending up and above the effects of other factors.

So, what does it mean?

So how likely is it that consumers will start spending in the near future? Not very. Let’s assume for a moment that consumer spending will continue as today for a while.

Consumer spending is down 30 percent on cars, and 3 percent on the average across all sectors. Consumer spending appears likely to fall next year for the first time since 1980. Perhaps by the largest amount since 1942.

If it stays the way it has been for the last three months for a full year, that means demand for goods and services from consumers in America will be down about 1200 billions. And, spending is still dropping. As well, demand from businesses is dropping. And, as I wrote above, demand from abroad is falling as well. And right now, American businesses have just barely started to adjust to these new numbers and levels. And this adjustment will mean more lay offs and more negative earnings reports. That is simply how it works. And it is hard to see any “quick fixes” that can act as a miracle cure and lift us out of this situation in the short term. Rather, the adjustments will have to work their way through the system.

As far as American consumers are concerned, I notice people using words like “lacking trust” or “fear” as reasons for the decline in consumption. These words suggest that consumers are driven by psychological factors, emotions, beliefs and sentiments. Such words, I think, are the wrong ones in this case. Right now, I think American consumers act very rational - markets are turbulent, times are getting harder, uncertainty is high, so the rational response is to buckle down, sit still and wait for the fog to clear up.

So, for the moment, and for a while, it is just going down, I think. We are nowhere near the bottom. I don’t think we will see new growth for at least 18 months.

That’s what I think.

See also:

• Yahoo Finance: Home values drop for 7th straight quarter
• New York Times: Best Buy Lowers Its Outlook for 2009
• Washington Post: Why GM Stalled
• Washington Post: Obama Asks Bush to Back Rescue of Automakers
• New York Times: A Town Drowns in Debt as Home Values Plunge
• Wall Street Journal: Indicators Across Europe Point to Deeper Recession
• New York Times: Jobless Rate at 14-Year High After Big October Losses
• Times:First full-year slump since 1940s, says IMF

When Saul A. Kripke published his thought in Naming and Necessity everybody was either furious, or exhilarated, or thoroughly perplexed (see also The New Theory of Reference - Kripke, Marcus, and Its Origins (Synthese Library) ). Naming and Necessity laid out a new way of thinking about the relation between language and the world. Kripke proposed the theory of direct reference, where a name “rigidly designates” its referent. That is, a name is a “tag” attached to its referent, with no descriptive content. Kripke also proposed an alternative theory for how names are transmitted, the causal theory of names.

It is somewhat interesting to view the words (names or tags) that are used on the current international crisis from such a perspective. Doing that, is becomes remarkable how the names used to denote this beast have changed over time.

It started out as the US sub-prime mortgage crisis. Then as is spread, it became simply the mortgage crisis, as it was now international. Then the credit crisis and the credit crunch. Then that changed into the banking crisis, and to underscore the fact that it is indeed international, the international banking crisis. Then, as other types of international financial institutions, eg. AIG, started to feel its impact visibly, it became the financial crisis.

Now, the naming used implies it has become an even more general crisis, affecting even more sectors of the economy. Thus, now we call it the recession. Some have even started to use the word depression, and started to build connotations linking it phenomenologically to the great depression.

It goes on and on - the financial crisis. Now Bank of England slashes interest rates to a 53-year low. The Independent writes:

Interest rates were today slashed to a 53-year low to fight off recession - but fears were growing that hard-pressed homeowners would fail to reap the benefit.

The shock 1.5 per cent cut by the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is the biggest move since March 1981 and brings rates to 3 per cent - last seen in 1955.

Stock markets were stunned by the size of the cut and experts predicted rates could reach an all-time low of 1.5 per cent by mid-2009 as the Bank desperately bids to ward off a prolonged slump.

Also, the European Central Bank cut interest rates by 50 basis points today and signaled another reduction was possible later this year. In Germany the no. 2 bank has decided to tap into the government rescue plan, and the government will propose tax breaks on car purchases to stimulate spending!

The bottom still seems distant.

See also:

• New York Times: European Banks Reduce Rates, Some Sharply
• Guardian: Shock as Bank of England slashes rates to 3%
• New York Times: Bleak Reports Keep Markets in Free Fall
• Guardian: Wall Street and London shares plunge

Every day is important. All events taking place have a place in space and time. But some days are more important than others. And some events influence other events more and have greater ramifications and consequences than others.

Today, I believe, is the day when the most important event of this decade is taking place. Today is the day of the election of the next American president.

At this juncture, with the financial crisis, the American depression, and all the challenges facing the US and the rest of the world, the choice of the new American president is far more important than in any normal election year. Not only to America and the Americans, but to peoples and nations all over the world. The choice will determine how the current crisis will be handled, how America will face the challenges of becoming again a modern nation, with modern welfare, educational and health systems, as well as the future position and role of America on the larger international scene.

I am not an American. I am not able to do much to influence the outcome of this election. I can not vote. So, today, I sit, wait, watch, and hope. And I feel strongly the powerlessness associated with the role of the spectator.

Iceland, which is currently in an economic meltdown, will be getting  help from its Nordic neighbors. The Danish newspaper Politiken writes that:

Iceland’s Prime Minister has been in contact with his Nordic counterparts ‘for some time now’, according to Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen, and Nordic help may be on the way to the beleaguered Icelanders.
The prime minister’s comments came as the benchmark Icelandic index, which has been closed for business for some days, reopened and plummeted a full 76 percent. Trade in Iceland’s three largest banks, which have been taken over by the state, remain suspended.

Elsewhere in the paper, Politiken reports that Iceland will be receiving a borrowing facility for 500 mill. Euro from the Danish national bank. The Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet, on the other hand, reports that the loan is 400 mill Euro, and that the borrowers are Denmark and Norway, both with 200 mill.

See also:

• Times - Iceland secures €200m from Norway, Denmark
• New York Times - Iceland Turns to Neighbors to Prevent a Collapse

The international financial crisis has lead to a spur of initiatives world wide. And now we have had the US rescue plan, with 700 billion USD. In an unprecedented move, the German government has unveiled a €500 billion ($679 billion) rescue plan to shore up the banking system after Sunday’s emergency summit of euro zones nations, where leaders agreed to guarantee new bank debt and inject capital to unfreeze money markets and restore confidence in the financial system. Der Spiegel reports:

The German Finance Ministry said Berlin’s plan includes a €400 billion financial market stabilization fund to guarantee loans and €80 billion to recapitalize the banking sector through the government taking stakes in banks.

An additional sum of €20 billion is also being set aside as a provision to cover losses, according to a statement from the Finance Ministry.

“We’re taking rigorous action to ensure that what we have experienced doesn’t get repeated,” Chancellor Angela Merkel told a news conference.

This is, of course, great news. The German packet is alone almost as large as the US packet. And that begs the question: Is the US packet big enough?

See also:

• New York Times: U.S. Investing $250 Billion in Banks
• Times: President Bush poised to follow UK with $250bn seizure of bank stakes
• New York Times: Stock Slump Imperils Putin’s Effort to Pump Up Russian Wealth, and His Legacy

While the economic downswing is still making itself felt in the US, it is now also hitting several European countries hard. And inflation is soaring, and hit a record high of 4.1 percent last month.

“There’s no obvious trigger for strong economic growth in Europe until the end of 2009,” says David Owen, chief European economist at Dresdner Kleinwort in London. “Massive [financial] imbalances need to be worked out, and the corporate sectors in many countries remain in a substantial deficit.”

Consumer confidence for the euro area has fallen to negative 29.7, the lowest it has been since 1993. And the news about the plunge in factory orders in Germany, led to the following comment, reported in the New York Times:

“It now looks likely that the euro zone will be the first major economy to fall into recession,” Jonathan Loynes, the chief European economist for Capital Economics, wrote after the report of sagging orders in Germany.

Great Britain

Royal Bank of Scotland, Britain’s second-largest bank, recently posted its first loss in 40 years after taking a £5.9bn hit from the credit crunch. And Barclays, the third-biggest bank, took a fresh £2.8bn write-down. Also, the price of houses are dropping rapidly, according to Guardian

the Halifax said house prices last month were 11% down on a year earlier - the first double-digit decline since its monthly healthcheck of the market was first published 25 years ago.

House prices back to 2006 and still falling, says Times. And new housing orders are down 33%. And, of course, home repossessions surge.

Business groups and City analysts warned that deep and rapid cuts in the cost of borrowing would be needed next year to pull Britain out of its first recession in more than 15 years. House prices are falling more rapidly than they were in the property crash of the late 1980s and early 1990s

It would seem a possible recovery in Britain will not be aided by increased consumer spending in the short term!

Recession in Germany?

Spiegel online writes that the German economy may have shrunk in the second quarter, according to early reports, and that the outlook for industrial production isn’t lively. Germany could slide into recession, and the German economy may have shrunk by around one percent. They also note that:

German factory orders were down by 2.9 percent in June from May, and orders from abroad for German goods plunged by 5.1 percent. Production at German factories rose by 0.2 percent in June — less than expected

Spain in deep trouble

Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain all face severe challenges. In Spain, the imploding domestic housing market has pushed the unemployment rate to 10.7 percent. The number of bankruptcies in the building sector is exploding, and one third of the job losses stems from the construction sector. As well, the housing market is stalling. The inflation is about 5 per cent.

The US

The credit cruch is still being felt, and so is the reversal of the wealth effect and high oil prices. In addition to bad news from the banking sector, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Indy Mac, and so, in the latest sign of the deepening troubles, G.M. recently reported a second-quarter loss of $15.5 billionfollowing a loss of $8.7 billion reported earlier by Ford. Car sales are dropping, especially sales of American cars.

Guardian notes that:

The US mortgage finance empire Freddie Mac yesterday predicted the worst housing slump since the Great Depression as it set aside $2.5bn (£1.28bn) to cover credit liabilities caused by delinquent loans and foreclosures.

And in New York Times, Peter S. Goodman recently wrote (August 1) that “More Arrows Seen Pointing to a Recession”.

Overall

Pretty gloomy still. The most positive piece of news is the slight drop in oil prices. But still serious signals of a slowdown of growth and possibly recession both in Europe and the US.

Telegraph (newspaper, UK) reports that increasing numbers of middle-aged men are going off sex, according to relationship experts. They report it is an universal trend, but I suspect it may only be a British trend:

Counselling and sex therapy charity Relate says it has seen a 40 per cent increase in men who simply cannot be bothered to make love to their wives and partners.

The findings are a world away from just ten years ago, when hardly any men contacted them with a loss of libido. The main sufferers who call its helpline with the problem are generally aged between 30 and 50 and are married.

Peter Bell, Relate’s head of practice, said: “Men used to come to us with impotence – now known as erectile insufficiency – but Viagra has sorted some of that problem. What we have is a lot of men who say, as women did in the 1950s: ‘I can have sex but I do not want to. It’s not rewarding’.

An English professor thinks he has the explanation:

Professor Michael King, of the Royal Free and University College Medical School in London, has completed a study into mental illness across six countries which found that the rate of major depression and panic syndrome was highest among men in the UK.

I am not able to question his conclusion. But I do feel sorry for all those beautiful, attractive, suffering English ladies out there. And I feel confident that there must be men, somewhere within the common labor market of the EU, who may be convinced to move to the UK to help them out.

After all, there must be lots of fun to be had in the once Great Britain these days. And if the natives are not willing to do it, somebody has to…

Awaiting your mail, ladies!